In Memoriam - Hiroshima/Nagasaki Atomic Bomb Attack
In remembrance of the victims of the first Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6th and August 9th, 1945 ... May they rest in peace ... And pray that we don't join them.
Today, August 6th, 2023. marks the 78th anniversary of the nuclear attack on the Japanese city of Hirshimo, followed 3 days later by the Atom Bomb attack on Nagasaki.
We write this In Memoriam of nearly 250,000 people, mostly civilians who perished within 3 months of those attacks and many thousands more who perished thereafter.
On 6 and 9 August 1945, the United States detonated two atomic bombs over the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, respectively.
The aerial bombings together killed between 129,000 and 226,000 people, most of whom were civilians, and they remain the only use of nuclear weapons in an armed conflict in modern human history.
Hata's command consisted of some 400,000 men, most of whom were on Kyushu where an Allied invasion was correctly anticipated.[117]
Also present in Hiroshima were the headquarters of the 59th Army, the 5th Division and the 224th Division, a recently formed mobile unit.[118] The city was defended by five batteries of 70 mm and 80 mm (2.8 and 3.1 inch) anti-aircraft guns of the 3rd Anti-Aircraft Division, including units from the 121st and 122nd Anti-Aircraft Regiments and the 22nd and 45th Separate Anti-Aircraft Battalions. In total, an estimated 40,000 Japanese military personnel were stationed in the city.[119]
Hiroshima was a supply and logistics base for the Japanese military.[120] The city was a communications center, a key port for shipping, and an assembly area for troops.[82] It supported a large war industry, manufacturing parts for planes and boats, for bombs, rifles, and handguns.[121]
The center of the city contained several reinforced concrete buildings and lighter structures.
Outside the center, the area was congested by a dense collection of small timber workshops set among Japanese houses. A few larger industrial plants lay near the outskirts of the city. The houses were constructed of timber with tile roofs, and many of the industrial buildings were also built around timber frames.
The city as a whole was highly susceptible to fire damage.[122] It was the second largest city in Japan after Kyoto that was still undamaged by air raids,[123] primarily because it lacked the aircraft manufacturing industry that was the XXI Bomber Command's priority target. On 3 July, the Joint Chiefs of Staff placed it off limits to bombers, along with Kokura, Niigata and Kyoto.[124]
The population of Hiroshima had reached a peak of over 381,000 earlier in the war but prior to the atomic bombing, the population had steadily decreased because of a systematic evacuation ordered by the Japanese government. At the time of the attack, the population was approximately 340,000–350,000.[125]
Residents wondered why Hiroshima had been spared destruction by firebombing.[126] Some speculated that the city was to be saved for U.S. occupation headquarters, others thought perhaps their relatives in Hawaii and California had petitioned the U.S. government to avoid bombing Hiroshima.[127]
More realistic city officials had ordered buildings torn down to create long, straight firebreaks.[128] These continued to be expanded and extended up to the morning of 6 August 1945.[129]
Bombing of Hiroshima
Hiroshima was the primary target of the first atomic bombing mission on 6 August, with Kokura and Nagasaki as alternative targets. The 393d Bombardment Squadron B-29 Enola Gay, named after Tibbets's mother and piloted by Tibbets, took off from North Field, Tinian, about six hours' flight time from Japan.[130]Enola Gay was accompanied by two other B-29s: The Great Artiste, commanded by Major Charles Sweeney, which carried instrumentation, and a then-nameless aircraft later called Necessary Evil, commanded by Captain George Marquardt. Necessary Evil was the photography aircraft.[131]
Strike order for the Hiroshima bombing as posted on 5 August 1945
The crew of the Enola Gay B-29 Bomber that dropped the “Little Boy” on Hiroshima
Special Mission 13, Primary Target Hiroshima, 6 August 1945 [131][132]
Necessary EvilCaptain George W. Marquardt Dimples 91 - Strike Observation and Photography
Top SecretCaptain Charles F. McKnight Dimples 72 - Strike Spare
Top Secret Dimples 72 did not complete the mission
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The B-29 Bomber Enola Gay was Piloted by Colonel Paul Tibbits
After leaving Tinian, the aircraft made their way separately to Iwo Jima to rendezvous with Sweeney and Marquardt at 05:55 at 2,800 meters (9,200 ft),[133] and set course for Japan.
The aircraft arrived over the target in clear visibility at 9,470 meters (31,060 ft).[134] Parsons, who was in command of the mission, armed the bomb in flight to minimize the risks during takeoff. He had witnessed four B-29s crash and burn at takeoff, and feared that a nuclear explosion would occur if a B-29 crashed with an armed Little Boy on board.[135]
The Hiroshima Atom Bomb cloud 2–5 minutes after detonation[137]
During the night of 5–6 August, Japanese early warning radar detected the approach of numerous American aircraft headed for the southern part of Japan.
Radar detected 65 bombers headed for Saga, 102 bound for Maebashi, 261 en route to Nishinomiya, 111 headed for Ube and 66 bound for Imabari.
An alert was given and radio broadcasting stopped in many cities, among them Hiroshima. The all-clear was sounded in Hiroshima at 00:05.[138] About an hour before the bombing, the air raid alert was sounded again, as Straight Flush flew over the city. It broadcast a short message which was picked up by Enola Gay. It read: "Cloud cover less than 3/10th at all altitudes. Advice: bomb primary."[139] The all-clear was sounded over Hiroshima again at 07:09.[140]
At 08:09, Tibbets started his bomb run and handed control over to his bombardier, Major Thomas Ferebee.[141] The release at 08:15 (Hiroshima time) went as planned, and the Little Boy containing about 64 kg (141 lb) of uranium-235 took 44.4 seconds to fall from the aircraft flying at about 9,400 meters (31,000 ft) to a detonation height of about 580 meters (1,900 ft) above the city.[142][143]Enola Gay was 18.5 km (11.5 mi) away before it felt the shock waves from the blast.[144]
Enola Gay stayed over the target area for two minutes and was 16 kilometers (10 mi) away when the bomb detonated. Only Tibbets, Parsons, and Ferebee knew of the nature of the weapon; the others on the bomber were only told to expect a blinding flash and given black goggles. "It was hard to believe what we saw", Tibbets told reporters, while Parsons said "the whole thing was tremendous and awe-inspiring ... the men aboard with me gasped 'My God'." He and Tibbets compared the shockwave to "a close burst of ack-ack fire".[148]
Events on the ground
People on the ground reported a pika (ピカ)—a brilliant flash of light—followed by a don (ドン)—a loud booming sound.[149] The experiences of survivors in the city varied depending on their location and circumstances, but a common factor in survivor accounts was a sense that a conventional weapon (sometimes cited as a magnesium bomb, which have a distinctively bright white flash) had happened to go off immediately in their vicinity, causing tremendous damage (throwing people across rooms, breaking glass, crushing buildings). Only after emerging from these ruins did the survivors tend to gradually understand that the entire city had in fact been attacked at the same instant. Survivor accounts frequently feature walking through the ruins of the city without a clear sense of where to go, and encountering the cries of people trapped within crushed structures, or people with horrific burns. As the numerous small fires created by the blast began to grow, they merged into a firestorm that moved quickly throughout the ruins, killing many who had been trapped, and causing people to jump into Hiroshima's rivers in search of sanctuary (many of whom drowned).[150][151] The photographer Yoshito Matsushige took the only photographs of Hiroshima immediately after the bombing. He described in a later interview that, immediately after the bombing, "everywhere there was dust; it made a grayish darkness over everything." He took five photographs in total before he could not continue: "It was really a terrible scene. It was just like something out of hell."[152] Survivor accounts also prominently feature cases of survivors who appeared uninjured, but who would succumb within hours or days to what would later be identified as radiation sickness.
The exact number of people killed by the blast, firestorm, and radiation effects of the bombing are unknown. Estimates have ranged from 66,000 people killed and 69,000 injured, upwards to 140,000 dead (by December 1945) in later estimations. Difficulty in coming up with a correct figure is due to the imprecise record-keeping during the war, the chaos caused by the attack, lack of agreement on how many people were in the city on the morning of the attack, and uncertainty in methodology. Estimates also vary on the number of Japanese military personnel killed. The United States Strategic Bombing Survey concluded in 1946 that there were 24,158 soldiers present in Hiroshima at the time of the attack, and that 6,789 were killed or missing as a result. Later re-calculations suggest that there were personnel in the city that were uncounted in this estimate, and suggest that as many as 20,000 Japanese military personnel were killed.[153] U.S. surveys estimated that 12 km2 (4.7 sq mi) of the city were destroyed. Japanese officials determined that 69 percent of Hiroshima's buildings were destroyed and another 6 to 7 percent damaged.[154]
Some of the reinforced concrete buildings in Hiroshima had been very strongly constructed because of the earthquake danger in Japan, and their framework did not collapse even though they were fairly close to the blast center. Since the bomb detonated in the air, the blast was directed more downward than sideways, which was largely responsible for the survival of the Prefectural Industrial Promotional Hall, now commonly known as the Genbaku (A-bomb) dome, which was only 150 m (490 ft) from ground zero (the hypocenter). The ruin was named Hiroshima Peace Memorial and was made a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1996 over the objections of the United States and China, which expressed reservations on the grounds that other Asian nations were the ones who suffered the greatest loss of life and property, and a focus on Japan lacked historical perspective.[155] The bombing started intense fires that spread rapidly through timber and paper homes, burning everything in a radius of 2 kilometers (1.2 mi).[156] As in other Japanese cities, the firebreaks proved ineffective.[157]
Hiroshima - The Atomic Bomb Attack
One of the great myths and “Big Lies” of World War II is that it was necessary to drop the Atomic Bombs on iroshima and Nagasaki in order to end the war and “save livs.” that myth has been shattered in recent years with the rvelations of Top Secret memos between the Japanese Emperor Hirohito and President Harry S. Truman showing that the Japanese had been suing for peace and sking for negotiations for at least 6 weeks before the first Atomic Bomb was dropped on Hiroshima.
However, to this day, that cover story is till being promoted and promulgated by historians and themass media, as shown below.
“Only The Shadow knows what Evil lurks in the Hearts of Men!'“
THE ATOMIC GANGSTER TINKERING WITH ‘PRIMAL FORCES’
Above, we see the shadow of Los Alamos director J. Robert Oppenheimer with the Atom Bomb in silhouette as he oversees final assembly of The Gadget (as the First Atomic Bomb was called) at the Trinity Test Site, near Alamogordo, NM in July of 1945. (U.S. Department of Defense) <Photos Courtesy of MonoVisons>
Oppenheimer was a villain, not a “hero.” He is not someone to be glorified, admired for his diabolical genius or extolled for his fake “virtue.” Oppenheimer, in the crux of the moement, by his own account, identified himself with “The Destroyeer of Worlds,”who is none other than The Devil, himself.
I call Oppenheimer a “Luciferian scientist,” a class of scientists who seek to glorify themselves and the new “god” gog, Science, now elevated to “state religion” in many countries, no less fanatically than an Old Babylonian magician worshipping BA’AL.
And in stating so, we are not be far from the Truth. Evidence is mounting that Oppenheimer and Eistein did established themselves as the “high priesthood” of new and secret religious cult among scientists, who worship Shiva as their “god,” namely, “The Destroyer of Worlds.”
We shall “flesh this demonic out” in future articles on TMRN and hopefully, flush it out of Science before it destroys the World as we know it.
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The Atomic Bomb Attack on Nagasaki - August 9th, 1945
After the Hiroshima bombing, Truman issued a statement announcing the use of the new weapon. He stated, "We may be grateful to Providence" that the German atomic bomb project had failed, and that the United States and its allies had "spent two billion dollars on the greatest scientific gamble in history—and won". Truman then warned Japan: "If they do not now accept our terms, they may expect a rain of ruin from the air, the like of which has never been seen on this earth. Behind this air attack will follow sea and land forces in such numbers and power as they have not yet seen and with the fighting skill of which they are already well aware."[180] This was a widely broadcast speech picked up by Japanese news agencies.[181]
Leaflet AB12, with information on the Hiroshima bomb and a warning to civilians to petition the Emperor to surrender was dropped over Japan beginning on 9 August, by the 509th Composite Group.[182] An AB11 is in the possession of the Nagasaki Atomic Bomb Museum.[183]
The 50,000-watt standard wave station on Saipan, the OWIradio station, broadcast a similar message to Japan every 15 minutes about Hiroshima, stating that more Japanese cities would face a similar fate in the absence of immediate acceptance of the terms of the Potsdam Declaration and emphatically urged civilians to evacuate major cities. Radio Japan, which continued to extoll victory for Japan by never surrendering,[92] had informed the Japanese of the destruction of Hiroshima by a single bomb.[184]
Soviet Foreign Minister Vyacheslav Molotov had informed Tokyo of the Soviet Union's unilateral abrogation of the Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact on 5 April.[185] At two minutes past midnight on 9 August, Tokyo time, Soviet infantry, armor, and air forces had launched the Manchurian Strategic Offensive Operation.[186] Four hours later, word reached Tokyo of the Soviet Union's official declaration of war. The senior leadership of the Japanese Army began preparations to impose martial law on the nation, with the support of Minister of War Korechika Anami, to stop anyone attempting to make peace.[187]
On 7 August, a day after Hiroshima was destroyed, Dr. Yoshio Nishina and other atomic physicists arrived at the city, and carefully examined the damage. They then went back to Tokyo and told the cabinet that Hiroshima was indeed destroyed by a nuclear weapon. Admiral Soemu Toyoda, the Chief of the Naval General Staff, estimated that no more than one or two additional bombs could be readied, so they decided to endure the remaining attacks, acknowledging "there would be more destruction but the war would go on".[188] American Magic codebreakers intercepted the cabinet's messages.[189]
Purnell, Parsons, Tibbets, Spaatz, and LeMay met on Guam that same day to discuss what should be done next.[190] Since there was no indication of Japan surrendering,[189] they decided to proceed with dropping another bomb. Parsons said that Project Alberta would have it ready by 11 August, but Tibbets pointed to weather reports indicating poor flying conditions on that day due to a storm, and asked if the bomb could be readied by 9 August. Parsons agreed to try to do so.[191][190]
Nagasaki
Nagasaki during World War II
The Bockscar and its crew, who dropped a Fat Man atomic bomb on Nagasaki
The city of Nagasaki had been one of the largest seaports in southern Japan, and was of great wartime importance because of its wide-ranging industrial activity, including the production of ordnance, ships, military equipment, and other war materials. The four largest companies in the city were Mitsubishi Shipyards, Electrical Shipyards, Arms Plant, and Steel and Arms Works, which employed about 90 percent of the city's labor force, and accounted for 90 percent of the city's industry.[192] Although an important industrial city, Nagasaki had been spared from firebombing because its geography made it difficult to locate at night with AN/APQ-13 radar.[124]
Unlike the other target cities, Nagasaki had not been placed off limits to bombers by the Joint Chiefs of Staff's 3 July directive,[124][193] and was bombed on a small scale five times. During one of these raids on 1 August, a number of conventional high-explosive bombs were dropped on the city. A few hit the shipyards and dock areas in the southwest portion of the city, and several hit the Mitsubishi Steel and Arms Works.[192] By early August, the city was defended by the 134th Anti-Aircraft Regiment of the 4th Anti-Aircraft Division with four batteries of 7 cm (2.8 in) anti-aircraft guns and two searchlight batteries.[119]
The harbor at Nagasaki in August 1945 before the city was hit with the atomic bomb
In contrast to Hiroshima, almost all of the buildings were of old-fashioned Japanese construction, consisting of timber or timber-framed buildings with timber walls (with or without plaster) and tile roofs. Many of the smaller industries and business establishments were also situated in buildings of timber or other materials not designed to withstand explosions. Nagasaki had been permitted to grow for many years without conforming to any definite city zoning plan; residences were erected adjacent to factory buildings and to each other almost as closely as possible throughout the entire industrial valley. On the day of the bombing, an estimated 263,000 people were in Nagasaki, including 240,000 Japanese residents, 10,000 Korean residents, 2,500 conscripted Korean workers, 9,000 Japanese soldiers, 600 conscripted Chinese workers, and 400 Allied prisoners of war in a camp to the north of Nagasaki.[194]
Bombing of Nagasaki
The Bockscar B-29 and a post war Mk III nuclear weapon painted to resemble the Fat Man bomb, at the National Museum of the United States Air Force, Dayton, Ohio
Responsibility for the timing of the second bombing was delegated to Tibbets. Scheduled for 11 August against Kokura, the raid was moved earlier by two days to avoid a five-day period of bad weather forecast to begin on 10 August.[195] Three bomb pre-assemblies had been transported to Tinian, labeled F-31, F-32, and F-33 on their exteriors. On 8 August, a dress rehearsal was conducted off Tinian by Sweeney using Bockscar as the drop airplane. Assembly F-33 was expended testing the components and F-31 was designated for the 9 August mission.[196]
Strike order for the Nagasaki bombing as posted 8 August 1945
Special Mission 16, secondary target Nagasaki, 9 August 1945[197]AircraftPilotCall signMission roleEnola GayCaptain George W. MarquardtDimples 82Weather reconnaissance (Kokura)Laggin' DragonCaptain Charles F. McKnightDimples 95Weather reconnaissance (Nagasaki)BockscarMajor Charles W. SweeneyDimples 77Weapon deliveryThe Great ArtisteCaptain Frederick C. BockDimples 89Blast measurement instrumentationBig StinkMajor James I. Hopkins, Jr.Dimples 90Strike observation and photographyFull HouseMajor Ralph R. TaylorDimples 83Strike spare – did not complete mission
At 03:47 Tinian time (GMT+10), 02:47 Japanese time,[198] on the morning of 9 August 1945, Bockscar, flown by Sweeney's crew, lifted off from Tinian island with the Fat Man, with Kokura as the primary target and Nagasaki the secondary target. The mission plan for the second attack was nearly identical to that of the Hiroshima mission, with two B-29s flying an hour ahead as weather scouts and two additional B-29s in Sweeney's flight for instrumentation and photographic support of the mission. Sweeney took off with his weapon already armed but with the electrical safety plugs still engaged.[199]
During pre-flight inspection of Bockscar, the flight engineer notified Sweeney that an inoperative fuel transfer pump made it impossible to use 2,400 liters (640 U.S. gal) of fuel carried in a reserve tank. This fuel would still have to be carried all the way to Japan and back, consuming still more fuel. Replacing the pump would take hours; moving the Fat Man to another aircraft might take just as long and was dangerous as well, as the bomb was live. Tibbets and Sweeney therefore elected to have Bockscar continue the mission.[200][201]
This time Penney and Cheshire were allowed to accompany the mission, flying as observers on the third plane, Big Stink, flown by the group's operations officer, Major James I. Hopkins, Jr. Observers aboard the weather planes reported both targets clear. When Sweeney's aircraft arrived at the assembly point for his flight off the coast of Japan, Big Stink failed to make the rendezvous.[199]
According to Cheshire, Hopkins was at varying heights including 2,700 meters (9,000 ft) higher than he should have been, and was not flying tight circles over Yakushima as previously agreed with Sweeney and Captain Frederick C. Bock, who was piloting the support B-29 The Great Artiste. Instead, Hopkins was flying 64-kilometer (40 mi) dogleg patterns.[202] Though ordered not to circle longer than fifteen minutes, Sweeney continued to wait for Big Stink for forty minutes. Before leaving the rendezvous point, Sweeney consulted Ashworth, who was in charge of the bomb. As commander of the aircraft, Sweeney made the decision to proceed to the primary, the city of Kokura.[203]
Nagasaki before and after the bombing, after the fires had burned out
After exceeding the original departure time limit by nearly a half-hour, Bockscar, accompanied by The Great Artiste, proceeded to Kokura, thirty minutes away. The delay at the rendezvous had resulted in clouds and drifting smoke over Kokura from fires started by a major firebombing raid by 224 B-29s on nearby Yahata the previous day.[204] Additionally, the Yahata Steel Works intentionally burned coal tar, to produce black smoke.[205] The clouds and smoke resulted in 70 percent of the area over Kokura being covered, obscuring the aiming point. Three bomb runs were made over the next 50 minutes, burning fuel and exposing the aircraft repeatedly to the heavy defenses around Kokura, but the bombardier was unable to drop visually. By the time of the third bomb run, Japanese anti-aircraft fire was getting close, and Second Lieutenant Jacob Beser, who was monitoring Japanese communications, reported activity on the Japanese fighter direction radio bands.[206]
With fuel running low because of the failed fuel pump, Bockscar and The Great Artiste headed for their secondary target, Nagasaki.[199] Fuel consumption calculations made en route indicated that Bockscar had insufficient fuel to reach Iwo Jima and would be forced to divert to Okinawa, which had become entirely Allied-occupied territory only six weeks earlier. After initially deciding that if Nagasaki were obscured on their arrival the crew would carry the bomb to Okinawa and dispose of it in the ocean if necessary, Ashworth agreed with Sweeney's suggestion that a radar approach would be used if the target was obscured.[207][208] At about 07:50 Japanese time, an air raid alert was sounded in Nagasaki, but the "all clear" signal was given at 08:30. When only two B-29 Superfortresses were sighted at 10:53 Japanese Time (GMT+9), the Japanese apparently assumed that the planes were only on reconnaissance and no further alarm was given.[209]
A few minutes later at 11:00 Japanese Time, The Great Artiste dropped instruments attached to three parachutes. These instruments also contained an unsigned letter to Professor Ryokichi Sagane, a physicist at the University of Tokyo who studied with three of the scientists responsible for the atomic bomb at the University of California, Berkeley, urging him to tell the public about the danger involved with these weapons of mass destruction. The messages were found by military authorities but not turned over to Sagane until a month later.[210] In 1949, one of the authors of the letter, Luis Alvarez, met with Sagane and signed the letter.[211]
At 11:01 Japanese Time, a last-minute break in the clouds over Nagasaki allowed Bockscar's bombardier, Captain Kermit Beahan, to visually sight the target as ordered. The Fat Man weapon, containing a core of about 5 kg (11 lb) of plutonium, was dropped over the city's industrial valley. It exploded 47 seconds later at 11:02 Japanese Time[198] at 503 ± 10 m (1,650 ± 33 ft), above a tennis court,[212] halfway between the Mitsubishi Steel and Arms Works in the south and the Nagasaki Arsenal in the north.
This was nearly 3 km (1.9 mi) northwest of the planned hypocenter; the blast was confined to the Urakami Valley and a major portion of the city was protected by the intervening hills.[213] The resulting explosion released the equivalent energy of 21 ± 2 kt (87.9 ± 8.4 TJ).[142]Big Stink spotted the explosion from 160 kilometers (100 mi) away, and flew over to observe.[214]
Bockscar flew on to Okinawa, arriving with only sufficient fuel for a single approach. Sweeney tried repeatedly to contact the control tower for landing clearance, but received no answer. He could see heavy air traffic landing and taking off from Yontan Airfield. Firing off every flare on board to alert the field to his emergency landing, the Bockscar came in fast, landing at 230 km/h (140 mph) instead of the normal 190 kilometers per hour (120 mph). The number two engine died from fuel starvation as he began the final approach. Touching down on only three engines midway down the landing strip, Bockscar bounced up into the air again for about 7.6 meters (25 ft) before slamming back down hard. The heavy B-29 slewed left and towards a row of parked B-24 bombers before the pilots managed to regain control. Its reversible propellers were insufficient to slow the aircraft adequately, and with both pilots standing on the brakes, Bockscar made a swerving 90-degree turn at the end of the runway to avoid running off it. A second engine died from fuel exhaustion before the plane came to a stop.[215]
Following the mission, there was confusion over the identification of the plane. The first eyewitness account by war correspondent William L. Laurence of The New York Times, who accompanied the mission aboard the aircraft piloted by Bock, reported that Sweeney was leading the mission in The Great Artiste. He also noted its "Victor" number as 77, which was that of Bockscar.[216] Laurence had interviewed Sweeney and his crew, and was aware that they referred to their airplane as The Great Artiste. Except for Enola Gay, none of the 393d's B-29s had yet had names painted on the noses, a fact which Laurence himself noted in his account. Unaware of the switch in aircraft, Laurence assumed Victor 77 was The Great Artiste,[217] which was in fact, Victor 89.[218]
Events on the ground
The Nagasaki Prefecture Report on the bombing characterized Nagasaki as "like a graveyard with not a tombstone standing".[219]
Although the bomb was more powerful than the one used on Hiroshima, its effects were confined by hillsides to the narrow Urakami Valley.[220] Of 7,500 Japanese employees who worked inside the Mitsubishi Munitions plant, including "mobilized" students and regular workers, 6,200 were killed. Some 17,000–22,000 others who worked in other war plants and factories in the city died as well.[221] Casualty estimates for immediate deaths vary widely, ranging from 22,000 to 75,000.[221] At least 35,000–40,000 people were killed and 60,000 others injured.[222][223] In the days and months following the explosion, more people died from their injuries. Because of the presence of undocumented foreign workers, and a number of military personnel in transit, there are great discrepancies in the estimates of total deaths by the end of 1945; a range of 60,000 to 80,000 can be found in various studies.[125]
Unlike Hiroshima's military death toll, only 150 Japanese soldiers were killed instantly, including 36 from the 134th AAA Regiment of the 4th AAA Division.[119] At least eight Allied prisoners of war (POWs) died from the bombing, and as many as thirteen may have died. The eight confirmed deaths included a British POW, Royal Air Force Corporal Ronald Shaw,[224] and seven Dutch POWs.[225] One American POW, Joe Kieyoomia, was in Nagasaki at the time of the bombing but survived, reportedly having been shielded from the effects of the bomb by the concrete walls of his cell.[226] There were 24 Australian POWs in Nagasaki, all of whom survived.[227]
Partially incinerated child in Nagasaki. Photo from Japanese photographer Yōsuke Yamahata, one day after the blast and building fires had subsided. Once the American forces had Japan under their military control, they imposed censorship on all such images including those from the conventional bombing of Tokyo; this prevented the distribution of Yamahata's photographs. These restrictions were lifted in 1952.[228][229]
The radius of total destruction was about 1.6 km (1 mi), followed by fires across the northern portion of the city to 3.2 km (2 mi) south of the bomb.[147][230] About 58 percent of the Mitsubishi Arms Plant was damaged, and about 78 percent of the Mitsubishi Steel Works. The Mitsubishi Electric Works suffered only 10 percent structural damage as it was on the border of the main destruction zone. The Nagasaki Arsenal was destroyed in the blast.[231] Although many fires likewise burnt following the bombing, in contrast to Hiroshima where sufficient fuel density was available, no firestorm developed in Nagasaki as the damaged areas did not furnish enough fuel to generate the phenomenon. Instead, ambient wind pushed the fire spread along the valley.[232]
As in Hiroshima, the bombing badly dislocated the city's medical facilities. A makeshift hospital was established at the Shinkozen Primary School, which served as the main medical center. The trains were still running, and evacuated many victims to hospitals in nearby towns. A medical team from a naval hospital reached the city in the evening, and fire-fighting brigades from the neighboring towns assisted in fighting the fires.[233]Takashi Nagai was a doctor working in the radiology department of Nagasaki Medical College Hospital. He received a serious injury that severed his right temporal artery, but joined the rest of the surviving medical staff in treating bombing victims.[234]
Plans for more atomic attacks on Japan
Memorandum from Groves to Marshall regarding the third bomb, with Marshall's hand-written caveat that the third bomb not be used without express Presidential instruction
Groves expected to have another "Fat Man" atomic bomb ready for use on 19 August, with three more in September and a further three in October;[91] a second Little Boy bomb (using U-235) would not be available until December 1945.[235][236] On 10 August, he sent a memorandum to Marshall in which he wrote that "the next bomb ... should be ready for delivery on the first suitable weather after 17 or 18 August." The memo today contains hand-written comment written by Marshall: "It is not to be released over Japan without express authority from the President."[91] At the cabinet meeting that morning, Truman discussed these actions. James Forrestal paraphrased Truman as saying "there will be further dropping of the atomic bomb," while Henry A. Wallace recorded in his diary that:
"Truman said he had given orders to stop atomic bombing. He said the thought of wiping out another 100,000 people was too horrific. He didn't like the idea of killing, as he said, 'all those kids.'"[237]
The previous order that the target cities were to be attacked with atomic bombs "as made ready" was thus modified.[238] There was already discussion in the War Department about conserving the bombs then in production for Operation Downfall, and Marshall suggested to Stimson that the remaining cities on the target list be spared attack with atomic bombs.[239]
Two more Fat Man assemblies were readied, and scheduled to leave Kirtland Field for Tinian on 11 and 14 August,[240] and Tibbets was ordered by LeMay to return to Albuquerque, New Mexico, to collect them.[241] At Los Alamos, technicians worked 24 hours straight to cast another plutonium core.[242] Although cast, it still needed to be pressed and coated, which would take until 16 August.[243] Therefore, it could have been ready for use on 19 August. Unable to reach Marshall, Groves ordered on his own authority on 13 August that the core should not be shipped.[238]
Many Thanks to Elisabeth Carto for the Image (above) and article except (below)
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Read Emanuel Pasterech’s article on Substack below.
On Sat, Aug 5, 2023 at 7:02 PM Emanuel Pastreich from FEAR NO EVIL <emanuelprez@substack.com> wrote:
On August 9, 1945, the United States US Army Air Forces dropped the atomic bomb “Little Boy” on Hiroshima, killing over 70,000 citizens and leaving at least as many ill from radiation sickness. It was the beginning of a horrible madness that seized the American soul.
The United States government dismissed all reports from Japan of radiation sickness, and other conditions, in the months that followed that bombing, claiming that such reports were just conspiracy theories. It would take enormous battles within the US, and around the world, to finally get the US to admit that this atomic weapon was different from a conventional weapon.
But everyone in the War Department knew exactly what sort of a bomb had been dropped and what it did to people. The Manhattan Project that developed the atomic bomb had undertaken horrible human experiments to determine the influence of radiation on the body, after all.
Moreover, the US government has never formally recognized the pointlessness and the brutality of this massive bombing at a moment that the surrender of Japan was a matter of days.
I want to take this opportunity, as an American running for president of the United States, to do what every previous president of the United States has lacked the decency to do. I want to take responsibility for this atrocity.
My deep apologies to the people of Japan, and to the people of the world, for what the United States did on August 6, 1945. I pledge that the United States will declassify all materials related to the Manhattan Project that developed the atomic bomb and to the Army Air Force that planned the bombings and that the entire story will be made public for the world.
I believe that there were corporations and other distinct actors at the time who can be singled out as legally liable and that I think such a process of pursuing legal liability is meaningful.
I also pledge that the United States will eliminate all nuclear weapons from its arsenal in the next ten years, and that the United States will lead the effort to eliminate these weapons around the world. Only when we make such a commitment, and act upon that commitment, can we hope that other countries will stop their dreams of nuclear arsenals.
We are on the edge of an even more horrible nuclear war at this very moment. The time for action in the United States cannot be put off.
It is also worth mentioning that the journalist John Hershey broke the story of the radiation poisoning in Hiroshima in his article "Hiroshima" that was published in the New Yorker August 23, 1946.
I seriously doubt the increasingly fluffy and trite New Yorker today, aimed more at wealthy upper West Side homes than at thoughtful citizens, would be capable of publishing such an article today.
7They asked Him questions, saying, “Teacher, when therefore will these things happen? And what will be the [i]sign when these things are about to take place?” 8And He said, “See to it that you are not misled; for many will come in My name, saying, ‘I am He,’ and, ‘The time is near.’ Do not go after them. 9And when you hear of wars and revolts, do not be alarmed; for these things must take place first, but the end will not follow immediately.”
Things to Come
10Then He continued by saying to them, “Nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom, 11and there will be [j]massive earthquakes, and in various places plagues and famines; and there will be terrible sights and great [k]signs from heaven.
12“But before all these things, they will lay their hands on you and persecute you, turning you over to the synagogues and prisons, [l]bringing you before kings and governors on account of My name. 13It will lead to [m]an opportunity for your testimony. 14So [n]make up your minds not to prepare beforehand to defend yourselves; 15for I will provide you [o]eloquence and wisdom which none of your adversaries will be able to oppose or refute. 16But you will be betrayed even by parents, brothers and sisters, other relatives, and friends, and they will put some of you to death, 17and you will be hated by all people because of My name. 18And yet not a hair of your head will perish. 19By your endurance you will gain your [p]lives.
20“But when you see Jerusalem surrounded by armies, then [q]recognize that her desolation is near. 21Then those who are in Judea must flee to the mountains, and those who are inside [r]the city must leave, and those who are in the country must not enter [s]the city; 22because these are days of punishment, so that all things which have been written will be fulfilled. 23Woe to those women who are pregnant, and to those who are nursing babies in those days; for there will be great distress upon the [t]land, and wrath to this people; 24and they will fall by the edge of the sword, and will be led captive into all the nations; and Jerusalem will be trampled underfoot by the Gentiles until the times of the Gentiles are fulfilled.
The Return of Christ
25“There will be [u]signs in the sun and moon and stars, and on the earth distress among nations, in perplexity at the roaring of the sea and the waves, 26people fainting from fear and the expectation of the things that are coming upon the [v]world; for the powers of [w]the heavens will be shaken. 27And then they will see the Son of Man coming in a cloud with power and great glory. 28But when these things begin to take place, straighten up and lift up your heads, because your redemption is drawing near.”
29And He told them a parable: “Look at the fig tree and all the trees: 30as soon as they put forth leaves, you see for yourselves and know that summer is now near. 31So you too, when you see these things happening, [x]recognize that the kingdom of God is near. 32Truly I say to you, this generation will not pass away until all things take place. 33Heaven and earth will pass away, but My words will not pass away.
34“But be on your guard, so that your hearts will not be weighed down with dissipation and drunkenness and the worries of life, and that [y]this day will not come on you suddenly, like a trap; 35for it will come upon all those who live on the face of all the earth. 36But stay alert at all times, praying that you will have strength to escape all these things that are going to take place, and to stand before the Son of Man.”
37Now [z]during the day He was teaching in the temple, but [aa]at evening He would go out and spend the night on the [ab]mountain that is called [ac]Olivet. 38And all the people would get up very early in the morning to come to Him in the temple to listen to Him.
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BREAKING - Beijing Destroyed by Biblical Floods - CCP Panics
Go to http://athleticgreens.com/ADV to get healthy, and take control of your life. Yikes. Biblical floods wipe out Beijing. Mandate of Heaven?
Why are they covering this up?
*******
Warning! …. Let’s not be fooled again!
Are we being set up psychologically for another Deep State attack like 9-11 by films like “Oppenheimer” and grisly, horrible sculpture passed off as “pop art” in the streets of New York?
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Are we, the American people, being groomed for “The New Hiroshima”?
On August 6th, 2023, Barbara Honegger wrote:
The message below about the dark sculpture at Rockefeller Center as predictive programming is phenomenally Synchronistic.
This was to be one of my Items for Tonight's 'Oppenheimer' Show on the Anniversary of Hiroshima !! :
An Urgent ‘Oppenheimer’ Warning
When the movie ‘Pearl Harbor’ premiered in May 2001 the obvious question was:
‘Why are They putting out a movie about WW II ??’ and especially ‘Why Now ??’
Then only four months later the 9/11 attacks happened which the MSM instantly and repeatedly referred to as ‘The New Pearl Harbor’.
Now, with the country becoming even more polarized and divided in the wake of Trump’s Jan. 6-related indictment, ‘Oppenheimer’ – a film about nuclear weapons being used in World War II premiers just as Putin announces that
‘If Ukraine’s counteroffensive succeeds We will have no choice but to use nuclear weapons.’
Just as with the film ‘Pearl Harbor’, I don’t believe it’s a coincidence that Hollywood, which partners closely with the military, has just come out with a film that puts the actual use of nuclear weapons at the center of the national psyche, the purpose of which I believe is to prepare the American public, and all viewers of the film worldwide, for ‘The New Hiroshima’ -- the first use of nuclear weapons in war since Hiroshima and Nagasaki, whose actual use, like the original Pearl Harbor, would instantly unify and inflame the nation.
We must be extremely vigilant and skeptical and if this happens and, just as with 9/11, not uncritically accept official claims as to what happened.
And look at what Architects & Engineers for 9/11 Truth JUST sent in a mass e-mail !! --
Thank you for sending this important and insightful message.
"You’ve read it right" And I felt the same way when I saw the grotesque “sculpture”. And I’ve sent it to other experts in psychological warfare.
That “sculture” in Rockefeller Center looks like nothing less than a sacrificial funeral pyre. However, the real question is making a sacrifice to whom?
Could it be indicating a sacrifice to …
…_-_… …_-_… “Shiva, The Destroyer of Worlds”?
Depicted above as seen at the CERN Nuclear Accelerator
It looks like to me as if we're being set up for another attack on New York, or London, or Paris, perhaps this time, a nuclear 9-11.
Best regards,
Robert M
---------- Forwarded message --------- From: Nick C <nicknyny1@gmail.com> Date: Sun, Aug 6, 2023 at 9:12 PM Subject: Fwd: Rock To: Nick C <nicknyny1@gmail.com>
DNNY Members,
"Predictive Programming" is a theory that claims that the government or groups of elites are using fictional movies, books, art and sculpsure as a mass mind control tool to make the population more accepting of planned future events.
So, how plausible is this theory? Does the media we consume make us more likely to calmly tolerate any changes that those in charge wish to make, or to accept things that appear bizarre?
I was on 5th Ave. and right in front of Rockefeller Center named after the deeply evil, Hitler supportive, massively controlling, “Rockefella” Family the other day when this monstrosity came into view.
Sinister, cold, wildly evil -looking, dead and gross and an example of massive "predictive programming."
It represents the cold, harsh, lifeless, loveless, burned to a crisp and totally destroyed New York City in the very near future. With a powerful well orchestrated plan to control America and the entire world, this is an "in your face" example of what they plan and want to happen to us all if they get their way.
If this "art" doesn't wake people up to the evil thinking of the powerful Rockefeller Foundation and the powerful Rockefeller Family itself then I don't know what would!
Period!
Nick Curto
“Higher and higher, they are constructing a nuclear funeral pyre.”
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FIRSTPOST E-ZINE REPORTS:
ZELENSKY DEMANDS ALL-OUT NUCLEAR WAR
My main concern s that America is being misguided and lied to by the Biden administation as they jockey the nation into positon to declare allout war with Russia, which will inevitably result in escalation from the use of Tactical Nuclear Wapons (TNW) to all out statgeic nuclear strike using intercontinental ballistic missiles.
Let us not forget that “our friend,” and erstwhile ally, Volodimir Zelensky, the US Deep State-installed “Puppet President” of Ukraine, quite insanely and vehemently called for the US and NATO to execute a first strike NUCLEAR ATTACK on Russia in October of 2022.
Oct 7, 2022
On Thursday, U.S. President Joe Biden said the world was now as close to a “nuclear Armageddon” as it was during the Cuban Missile Crisis.
What prompted those remarks were declarations by Moscow that it was willing to defend newly annexed territories using all means necessary, including nuclear weapons.
Russia has also begun moving its nuclear assets towards the Ukrainian border, in what is being seen as a show of strength against Kyiv and its Western backers.
So, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky chose to chime in as well. He evidently wants to become part of the ongoing nuclear sabre rattling. But his remarks mark a dangerous escalation in the ongoing conflict, and have sparked fury across the globe.
Watch to know more.
******* WWG1WGA → "Where We Go 1, We Go All!" *******
With Many thanks to comtributors Emmanuel Pastereich on Substack, Barbara Honegger and Nick Curto for their insightful comments.
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Written, Compiled & Edited by Robert D. Morningstar
Please support The Morningstar Report by making a pledge or upgrading to paid subscriber through Substack.com @:
RobertMorningstar.Substack.com.
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History informs genocide is pursued to usher in dramatic and sweeping sociology-economic-political changes which under normal circumstances the majority populace would not abide. Think in terms of the slaughter of ancient cities like Cannan and all others where the farms, people, animals and all things were destroyed for suspect purposes. I'm being tame with my words here.
History informs genocide is pursued to usher in dramatic and sweeping sociology-economic-political changes which under normal circumstances the majority populace would not abide. Think in terms of the slaughter of ancient cities like Cannan and all others where the farms, people, animals and all things were destroyed for suspect purposes. I'm being tame with my words here.
In Memoriam - Hiroshima/Nagasaki Atomic Bomb Attack
History informs genocide is pursued to usher in dramatic and sweeping sociology-economic-political changes which under normal circumstances the majority populace would not abide. Think in terms of the slaughter of ancient cities like Cannan and all others where the farms, people, animals and all things were destroyed for suspect purposes. I'm being tame with my words here.
History informs genocide is pursued to usher in dramatic and sweeping sociology-economic-political changes which under normal circumstances the majority populace would not abide. Think in terms of the slaughter of ancient cities like Cannan and all others where the farms, people, animals and all things were destroyed for suspect purposes. I'm being tame with my words here.